Hpv-Dna PCR Genotyping
It is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes infection in both women and men, predominantly affecting the genital area. HPV has over two hundred types, with a small portion of them causing cellular changes. Generally, HPV types causing infection are categorized into low-risk and high-risk types based on their susceptibility to cancer.
1. Low-risk HPV types:
The most commonly seen low-risk HPV types are 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, 81.
2. High-risk HPV types:
The most common high-risk HPV types that lead to cancer are 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. Among these, Types 16 and 18 are the types most responsible for cervical cancer.
How Does HPV Spread?
HPV is a virus that is transmitted sexually and has numerous subtypes. One of the most common problems caused by HPV is genital warts. However, a more serious side effect is the potential to cause serious cancer types like cervical cancer. HPV can spread through contact, especially during sexual intercourse. The virus primarily transmits sexually, but a complete sexual relationship is not necessary for transmission. Skin or mucosal contact is sufficient for transmission. In this context, if the infected person's penis, scrotum, vagina, or external genital area comes into contact, the virus can pass from person to person. Research indicates that the virus does not spread through shared towels, clothes, bedding, or inanimate surfaces like toilet seats and doorknobs. Similarly, there is no definitive evidence of the virus being transmitted through kissing. Even if infected individuals show no symptoms for an extended period, it should be remembered that the virus can continue to spread.
When is HPV Testing Recommended?
1. Women aged 30 and older:
As the risk of cervical cancer increases with age, women aged 30 and above should regularly undergo HPV testing.
2. Individuals with a history of cervical cancer:
Those at risk of cervical cancer due to family history or personal history should undergo HPV testing.
3. Those exhibiting HPV-related symptoms:
Individuals displaying genital warts or other HPV symptoms should immediately undergo HPV testing.
4. Individuals who have received the cervical cancer vaccine:
Those who have received the cervical cancer vaccine should regularly undergo HPV testing because the vaccine does not provide complete protection.
What are the Symptoms of HPV Disease?
Symptoms of HPV infection often remain vague or may not appear at all. Therefore, an individual might not be aware of carrying HPV. However, if more serious issues like genital warts or cervical cancer emerge, these symptoms can become more pronounced. Therefore, early diagnosis of HPV is crucial.
HPV Test Results and Treatment?
If HPV test results are positive, indicating HPV infection, there's no need to worry. Most HPV infections resolve on their own. However, in some cases, the infection can persist, increasing the risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, if you receive a positive HPV test result, it's important to follow up with check-ups. To reduce the risk of cervical cancer, your doctor will likely recommend regular smear tests. A smear test can assist in the early detection of cervical cancer and increase the chances of successful treatment.